Cavalry Essays - Cavalry, Military Animals, Military Tactics

Cavalry Medieval Calvary Throughout time horses have played an important role in society. Since their first introduction, they have continued to prove that they are a valuable asset. The horse fulfilled this role durning the middle ages to almost a key, in both personal and state affiars. It was in state affairs during the middle ages that the Cavalry rose to become an important part of the battle stratagies of medieval commanders. The unit of choice went from Northren Europes intialy based infantry system into a largely dependent cavalary based system. During the cavalarys rain as quaterback of the medieval battlefield, it did not go through untouched, but took some setbacks from certian counter messures designed to combat cavalary . Despite these setbacks, the cavalary managed to maintian it's high level of importnace in medieval battle stratgy. The rise of the calavary in western Europe began for a number of a reasons that all happened around the same time. One of the most influintial of these events was the lose of the Franks to the Romans in 554 A.D. . This lose lead to an increase in the overall size of the average westren European cavalary . It was at this battle that the infantry based Franks faced a tough defeat at the hands of the Romans. The Romans of that day unlike their opponents had come to the battle field with a wide variety of tatical units at its disposal. The unit that proved to be the most effective of them all still was the cavalary, both that day in 554 A.D. and for many future days in European warfare . These horse and rider tandums of the Romans proved to be effective both as heavy cavalry, and mounted archers agianst the Frankish footmen. It was then after this deafeat during the sixth to ninth century that the number of cavalry units per solider in the Frankish military system began to increase. Not only were the Europeans at the time taking lessons from the Romans in the benifiets of a strong cavalry, but they were also being schooled in the beniefits of a good mobile cavalry by the Byzantine empire. The Byzantine Strategos (commanders) like the romans made good use of the many different facets of their army but still used the cavalry as it's focal point. Unlike the Romans though the Westerners learnt of the Bzyantine tatics more through cooperation then through battles agianst each other. These times of cooperation came during the first crusades, when eastern and western Europe united thier forces agianst the infidels of the middle east and sought to reclaim the Holy City. Although the Byzantines used both their Heavy and Light infantry throughout the campaign it was the first of these two styles that was taken up by the Western Europeans. It is this heavy cavalry that would later lead to the developmeant of knights, in medieval warfare. With all of this in mind, the Europeans early on used their cavalry mainly for defensive purposes agianst quick raids from Turks, Ukrainians and Vikings. It wasn't until the fall of Constantinople in 1204 at the hands of Western knights that the western cavalry finally had its place of importance secured in Medieval warfare tatics. It was then with this combination of Western European courage, mixed with Byzantine and Roman military tatics that produced the ever powerful and long standing cavalry of the middle ages. Although the cavalary made great leaps and bounds in securing its position of importance in medeival war tatics, it didn't come with out its fair share of problems. One of the biggest problems facing the medeival cavalary was the archer . A favorite weapon of the English archer, common for causing this type of trouble is the long bow. Used agianst the Turks in 1432 the long bow proved to be far superior weapon agianst the opposing Turkish cavalary as did the short bows of the Turks agianst the European Cavalary. Although the long bow had good success at first, advancements were made in European armour technology that greatly reduced its effectivness. By the 1350s armour was beening developed that was 75% effective in keeping out long bow arrows. But while the armourers were

Manganese Essays - Manganese, Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese

Manganese Essays - Manganese, Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese Manganese Hi, I am Manganese. I am an element discovered in 1774 by the Swedish chemist Johan Gottlieb Gahn. My symbol was devised, coincidentally, by taking the first and third letters in the word manganese. My atomic number is 25, my atomic mass is 54.938, and my density is 7.2. I melt at 1245 C and then in turn I boil at 1962 C. A fact about my ionization energy currently escapes me, but I do have some uses and interesting facts in the rest of the paper. I am used as an antioxidant nutrient, I activate important enzymes that are needed in digestion, and I am the 12th most abundant element in the earths crust. And now I will switch into a third person perspective because I am bored of talking in the first. Manganese is a silvery, brittle metallic element that is used to strengthen alloys with armor. Manganese metal corrodes in moist air and dissolves in acid. Pure manganese can be obtained by electrolyzing manganese sulfate or by igniting pyrolusite. The free state of the metal only occurs in meteors, but it is found in ores all over the earth, predominantly in Ukraine, Georgia, and South Africa. The alloys which are made with manganese are usually used in steelmaking, are ferromanganese, and spiegeleisen. Manganese dioxide (pyrolusite) is used in dry-cell batteries, paint, varnish oils, coloring glass, ceramics, and in preparing chlorine and iodine. Other forms of manganese are used as oxidizers, disinfectants, and as a depolarizer.

Reports for ODE Complaints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reports for ODE Complaints - Essay Example There is one major issue in the case of the District. The District accepted that it has not given specialized education services, as illustrated by the IPEs (Mitchell, 2012). This was due to inadequate competent staffs, to provide the specialized services. The District and the Special Education director did not adhere to the principles of IDEA. The District must have free and appropriate education. The specialized education services must be entirely provided at the expense of the public. Adequate evaluation should be provided to every child who is suspected to have disability. The District did not conduct the evaluation exercise, to determine the number of children with disabilities, and the nature of the disabilities. Due to inadequate staffs, the IEP was not effectively implemented. The IEP illustrates the obligation of the public agency to provide specialized services. Only a few students benefited, and many lesson hours were missed. Learners with disabilities must adequately access the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). This is through effective use of the general education classes and curriculum. The district is presently underway to hire an agency that can effectively provide the general curriculum and classes. This is because the agencies are competently equipped to offer the specialized services. Adequate participation of both parents and students in the decision making process should be ensured. The parents seems to understand the benefits of the specialized education to learners wit h disabilities. This is the reason why they filed a complaint against the District for the poor implementation of the special education program. The procedural safeguards are weak in the District (Mitchell, 2012). This is because the children with disabilities do not receive special education, in an appropriate environment. The findings illustrate that the district did not adhere to the IEPs. This is by failing to

Rule of Law - UK law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rule of Law - UK law - Essay Example This drawback was recently remedied substantially, albeit not completely, by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005.1 For instance, there is now a Supreme Court under Part 3 of the law which has taken over the judicial powers of the House of Lords which used to have appellate jurisdiction. Being then all under the Queen, the rule of law was said to be hinged on her sovereignty in the parliament which makes laws and on her sovereignty in the courts which interpret and apply the law. From within this ambit was derived the structure of the so-called twin foundations. While it is true that the duties and functions of the Queen are more ceremonial, there are still aspects over which she wields power which she may exercise at will. Important examples are her needed assent for the final enactment of a bill into law and her influence over the appointment of the Prime Minister and the other members of the cabinet because of the need for the Queen's formal consent. Although reduced in the course o f history, the supremacy of the monarchy can still be felt. As a matter of fact, there were, and still there are, moves to abolish it on the strong suggestions that it is inutile and hugely expensive.2 Some claim that a democratic standard republic will be a better and effective form.3 Another aspect in the United Kingdom government worth pondering is that it does not have a complete written set of codified laws and that includes its own constitution. Case laws which are actually compilations of decided or accepted jurisprudence have a lot to do in the law-making processes which are, ironically, borne out of judicial pronouncements. This means that what the courts resolved would become laws. Stated straightforwardly, therefore, the makers of the law interpret the law in the event of a controversy or in incidents where there are doubts in construing that particular law. Incidentally, with the new Constitutional Reform Act 2005, the new Supreme Court may be able to thresh out all the possible hitches. Since the high court started working only on October 1, 2009, a lot of patience is needed until the intended reforms are made effective slowly and gradually in the mainstream of justice administration. Along this line, it can be hoped in large part that the new law for constitutional reform will bring about positive changes.4 The twin foundations of the Queen's sovereignty During one of the deliberations of the constitutional reform bill, the Law Lords had the occasion to mention the ruling in X v Morgan Gramplan (Publishers) Ltd. which enunciated the principle that the rule of law in the United Kingdom is founded on both the Queen's sovereignty in the parliament which is charged with the enactment of laws and the Queen's sovereignty over judicial proceedings particularly those administered by the House of Lords in its duties anent appellate jurisdiction.5 It has always been debated if the somewhat irregular or abnormal circumstance contradicts the precepts on separation of powers. It is like taking exceptions on one person being the prosecutor, the judge and the executioner. The notion has a direct correlation with the

Making business decisions and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Making business decisions and ethics - Essay Example Ethics involves making decisions between right and wrong. Following all the rules and regulations is a good thing for a business enterprise, but it does not mean that a person is being ethical. Ethics are subjective and its application depends on the circumstance. For example a company in order to maximize shareholders wealth decides to fire 1000 employees. The move might be a wise business move, but some people might consider it unethical because the firm put out of work people that needed those jobs. Ethical standards vary depending on the culture. In many Asian countries paying off bribes to governmental officials is viewed by many as a standard business practice. In the United States paying off a bribe is considered an unethical act. 2 In the normal course of making business decisions, there are many instances where determining the exact opportunity cost for a project or opportunity is not possible. The best sometimes one can hope for is being able to calculate a reasonable estim ate for specific opportunity based on known parameters and assuming certain outcomes. For example one might decide six months ago that a specific process improvement project for a product line is better than investing in the development of a new improved product line, but after finishing the process improvements unexpected changes in technology significantly lower the demand for the product making it obsolete. There is a high level of uncertainty in business and factors such as changes in the economic, social or business environment can have a detrimental effect on previous assumptions .3. Rising interest rates can have a detrimental effect in the ability of a firm to obtain new financing since overall financing costs will increase. If the businesses current and long term liabilities are under a variable interest the firm is fully exposed to interest rate risks, unless interest rate hedging is incorporated in the company's financial structure. If the firm has a fixed rate for their liabilities, an increase in the interest rates will raise the market value since it would trade at a discount but would not affect the book value of the liability unless financing terms are modified or the liability is refinanced. 4. A few years ago I worked at an organization in which there was absolutely a complete lack of ethics by the administration. The firm did not believe in treating the employees with respect. Every pay cycle the company would steal hours worked from different employees in order to pay them less. The payment of payroll was always late. Sometimes the payroll would be late as much as two to three weeks. The company promised paying production incentives and then it decided not to pay them. This place was a breeding ground for unethical behavior. 5. To me one of the biggest ethical scandals in the last few decades is the Nike Corporation fiasco. Nike Corporation is a firm that generates billions of dollars in sales annually. At the end of the 1990’s Nike was involved in the utilization of sweetshops to manufacture its products. Imagine a company that charges on many of its shoe models between $100 and $150 paying its workers a few cents per hour. It is abusive and inhumane. The workers in these sweetshops were exposed to horrible working conditions. 6. Possibly the biggest accounting scandal in the history of business is the Enron case. This case involved a company that violated all ethical standards you can think of. The managerial staff of the company was composed of a bunch of gangsters. Prior to the price of the stock losing all its value the executives sold off their shares using insider information. The pension fund was horribly administered since the company invested the majority of the pension fund on Enron stocks. 7. To truly know whether a business decision is the best alternative available one must consider opportunity costs. Take for example a person that decides to give up his job in order to open a hot dog stand. The e ntrepreneur is generating $2000 a month from the hot dog business. The person is making a

Pet Tracking Solution in India

Pet Tracking Solution in India GPS enabled chip in the collar called Pet Tracker, which is designed specifically to track, Identify your pet if it gets lost.[1] Customer Analysis Pets fulfill a larger role than just being a companion they are part of the family, and in some cases, considered as your children. For such owners loss of a pet becomes a traumatic experience as it is difficult to locate and recover a lost pet and the whole exercise becomes a nightmare. Another problem being faced by a large number of pet owners is that, while on vacation, or in their absence at work, there is no way to keep a track on their pets since most of the time the pets are either kept in a local shelter or with their neighbors. Pet industry in India is a multimillion dollar industry and has grown to approx. $900 million with a steady double-digit growth every year (Euro Monitor, 2011).[2] According to an estimate, in 2011, there were around 10 million pets in India and the number is growing by approximately 600000 per year in the Indian pet market. Some of the reasons for this growth can be attributed to the increase in pet adoption, rising incomes coupled with the increased trend for companionship, interest in owning pedigree and growing awareness amongst the owners to take proper care of their pets. Target Pet Owners will be our target market. We also understand that not all pet owners will be buying our product as such; we will target the segment that consciously needs the safety and security of their pets and who are looking for a solution to get a peace of mind in this regard. There is, however, no set age group that we can target, as owners of all ages would need this facility: the following groups of pet owners will be our primary target: Ardent pet lovers like Child-less and working Couples Owners of Pedigree dogs and high-end expensive pets People who already have pet Collar but do not have real time tracking facility Pet Groomers and Premium pet food buyers We will initially target customers in the middle and high-income group living in the four major metropolitan cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Calcutta in India. The estimated market size for premium pet care product is around 144 Million USD [3] which includes products like daily hygiene, premium pet food, pet sitting, pet parties, spas and other Premium services. We are confident that our product will attract most pet lovers in this segment; however, Even if we get around 1% of the targeted customers, we should be able to make a sizeable entry into the market in the first year and as the customer base grows we will try to increase our market share in the future. We do underhand our product may not succeed or Store owners may not keep our product and we have create a strong brand via delivering quality and amazing customer service.[4](Threats). The main pains or frustrations I see for this segments are; Unable to track their lost Pet. Dont have an easy and accessible one-stop solution to secure all safety and security requirements for the pet. The major gains that customer would be looking for are; Have one solution for identification and tracking of their pets and be able to use the information in user-friendly way. Get a peace of mind while on vacation, or busy at work or having a Pedigree Pet. Value Proposition / Positioning Product: The proposal is for Pet Tracker smart phone App that works with a micro chip which will be sold with a plain collar or can be installed on any existing collar. This chip will be installed in a way that it is not easily identifiable. If required it can also be implanted on to the pet, however, this method may not be acceptable to most pet lovers. The app will store all the information about the owner and the pet. Each pet will be allotted a unique identification number for updating all information in a user-friendly way, and tracking the location of the pet. We hope to please all pet lovers who are looking for a way to keep their pets safe and secure. See Appendix 2 [5] Collaboration: Our App will be based on GPS tracking system; we will collaborate with GPS service providers like Google maps for real- time tracking. Competition: Our product will have a comparative advantage over the others in the market as it will allow users to additionally track their pets. The existing collars in the market do not provide this facility. Real time tracking of pets will be the Unique selling Proposition for our product. [6] Price: Two pricing solutions will be offered; Identification For customers who only want to use the app and the Collar and do not need tracking, the app/Collar will be sold through Apple and Google play stores at a onetime nominal charge of $100. Tracking For customers who want both identification and tracking the app and the collar would be free but the customer would sign a contract for a monthly subscription of $7 or yearly subscription of $50 will be charged for tracking purposes.[7] Distribution We will offer our app and chip through the following channels; Pet supplies stores Pet grooming boutiques Vets and animal shelters Online through our website Media Based sales,, e.g. Facebook, twitter (for wide coverage) We will use various methods to determine demand through a survey of buyers intentions, past sales analysis and market-test method. Promotion Since we are providing a new product in this market we will aggressively promote our product through, print and other media, physical display at vantage points, and live demonstrations at pet stores etc. Appendix -1 Customer Motivation (Jobs Pains and Gains) Job to be done 1: Provide safety and security for Pets 2: Provides Tracking Facility and identification 3: Storage of all information about the pet and owner. Pains Have to spend lot of time and money to look for lost pet Difficult to prove the identity when pet is recovered at Kennel Cant keep a track of my pet when left with a pet sitter. Gains Gives pet owners a peace of mind that their pet is safe and secure Helps one focus on other things rather the pet during vacations or when at work Easy to track and identify the pet when it found at the local kennel or animal shelter. Proposal We plan to introduce a GPS enabled collar called Pet Tracker which is designed specifically to track and protect a pet from getting lost. Pet Tracker is an innovative creation keeping the specific requirements of the pet owners in India and will be very useful for this class of pet owners. Pet Tracker will cater to all breeds of pets and will be available in multiple collar sizes and designs. Appendix -2 Customer Behavior Motivation Safety and security of the Pet and an assurance that the pet can be tracked real time, is the main motivation for a pet owner to go in for this product. The pet owners can concentrate on other important issues without worrying about the safety of their pets. Consideration -Threats In India there are Apps that provide a collar for the identification part of our product, but do not provide for the Tracking. If our Tracking Maps are not precise and efficient, we may not be able to get customers to sign up for longer periods. We will also have to constantly up grade and fine tune our product to compete with the new entrants in the market. New and innovative schemes will be implemented to keep our loyal customer base. Our product will have to have an edge always over the other similar products in the market. The market threats will have to be timely identified and intelligently overcome. Our main focus would be on delivering quality and customer service so that we are able to make a brand image in the market. We have to convince the Pet Store owners via the word of mouth effect where customers start demanding our product and then the pet stores will be eager to put our Collar in their Shelves. Evaluation As there are no products currently in the market which provide tracking of pets, the challenge therefore, will be to position our product ably on the attributes which show how it can provide value addition over the existing products. The key Attribute and emphasis will be on the tracking information. Appendix -3 Actions Controls Action The decision to purchase our product would be entirely based on the individual pet owners. Not all pet owners would be interested in our product. Some may just by the Collar and the Chip for identification purposes and others may buy a collar with tracking facility. Controls We will measure marketing performance to increase efficiency of our resource allocations. As marketing costs account for a large portion of the total operating budget, setting up methods to evaluate and measure these marketing efforts will be a proper use of the businesss budget. The outcome of these measures will benefit us in the long run by becoming more profitable with increased sales and decrease in expenses and costs. The goal will be to sell enough units by projecting sales targets (monthly, quarterly and annually) to achieve a break-even point during the first year. A large portion of the budget for advertising will be allocated during the first year of business, to ensure product survival and prepare for the possible increased competition in the following years. Continued product improvement and RD will be another important factor kept in mind. Appendix 4 Break Even: analysis Manufacturing Cost The cost of producing a pet tracker collar (includes the chip) is anticipated to be $35 ($1= INR70) taking into account all expenses on material, research, administrative costs. Variable Costs (VC) $15 (Promotion, Distribution etc.) Cost of production (FC) 5000* 35 = $175, 0000 Overhead (staff, server, rent) = $40,000 a year Sales Price for the Collar and Chip (P) = $100 Estimated breakeven= FC / (P-VC) = $215000/ ($100-$15) = 2550 Customers approx. This shows that we will break even if we have at least 2550 customers against the estimated 5000. Revenue GPS Tracking = 1000*$50 = $50000 a year The revenue is based on our ability to get 1000 customer to sign up for tracking service in the first year. This number will grow in the following years. Appendix -5 Penetration = Market size 1: Its going to a small market = around 1% of the total customer base. 2: There is no age group that we can specifically target. Pet owners of multiple age groups would use our product. 3: There are some Apps already available in the market, however, these are only for identification and none of them offers a solution for tracking. 4: We will continue to update our product and bring in new features to achieve and retain a number one position in the market. [1] Please See Appendix 1 for Proposal [2]http://www.euromonitor.com/pet-care-in-india/report [3] http://www.iiptf.com/aboutus.php?page=About_Fair http://www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/3180-indian-pet-care-market-to-reach-us-144-8-million-by-2015 [4] Please see threats to our product in appendix 2 [5] Please see Appendix 2 for Customer MotivationÂÂ   and Threats to our Product [6] Please see Appendix 3 for Controls [7] Please see Break Even analysis

Beyond the Themepaper :: Personal Narrative Papers

Beyond the Theme I woke up yesterday morning, as I always do, at 7:30. I showered, got dressed, brushed my teeth and did my usual morning routine, and then suddenly, while leaning over my bowl of corn pops, which burst from my mouth with the force of an F-10 at lift off, I got it! "Yes, yes, yes," I yelled as I did a back and forth arm movements just like football players do when they get a touchdown, and danced around my dining room, still mindful of my neighbors downstairs, of course. So this is what it's all about I think to myself. Could this really be what Dr. Morgan and the rest of the class has been trying to get me to see? I had just realized that the only way I would be able to go anywhere with this assignment would be to to step out of my body, a body which is so tuned to writing themepapers, and to take a chance at seeing things from a different angle. And so there I was, looking down at myself with the perspective of a bird. I took a moment to admire myself from above. I noticed that I slouch and that my part is very crooked. I saw myself sitting in a small room with tan wallpaper and with no windows. I am sitting at a desk and everything looks normal and simple. And then I notice that I have a frustrated look on my face and I am surrounded by several crumpled up sheets of paper. "Why do I look so perturbed," I ask myself? And then I remembered why I was up here-- that gall darn paper about getting beyond the theme. Oh, yeah. How to get beyond the theme? Well, since I am up here and I have left my body for a while, I might as well take advantage of all the space and room up here and explore and do some things that I couldn't or wouldn't have done down there. I will be a voyager. I am free. Free to think. Hmmmm. Themewriting. What does it mean to go beyond the theme, that unexplored territory few of us have voyaged to or beyond and that many of my classmates and I are struggling to understand. Hmmm. And then, for the second time in less than a few hours, I had another revelation.